Process of printing on aniline-black



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN BRACEIVELL, OF NORTH ADAMS, MASSACHUSETTS.

PROCESS OF PRINTING ON ANlLlNE-BLACK.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 409,823, dated August27, 1889.

Application filed February 15, 1889- Serial No. 299,985. (No specimens.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, JOHN BRACEWELL, of North Adams, in the county ofBerkshire and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in the Combination of Resists with Aniline-Black, of whichthe following is a specification.

My invention relates to an improved method of compounding, applying, anddeveloping aniline-black with resists printed in patterns upon thecloth, and in developing and fastening the colors by the use of steamunder pressure, or what is commonly termed live steam, su bstantiallyashereinafter described and claimed.

In practicing my invention I proceed as follows: I take bleached cottoncloth prepared for printing to form calico in the usual way, and printthereon the resist mixture hereinafter described, in suitable patternsto form the figure or design desired. This resist mixture may becompounded with pigment colors when other than a white pattern is to beproduced. I next dry the cloth, and then print on it a cover or otherpattern; or I blotch or I pad on the face only, or on face and back,with the steam aniline-black color, hereinafter described, or any otherequivalent steam aniline-black color that is, one which can be developedby steam under pressure. I then dry the cloth upon steam drums or cansor in heated air, say at 160 Fahrenheit. I then pass it through acontinuous steamer, or put it into a steam-box under pressure, and thusdevelop the aniline-black, and if it contain pigment colorsin thepattern printed thereon set or fix the same into the fabricsimultaneously therewith, making them practically fast colors. Then soapand wash the cloth in the usual manner. \Vhen the operation iscompleted, it will be found that the parts covered by the resist mixturehave not been substantially affected by the aniline-black color, becausethe alkali of the resist arrested the oxidation of the aniline andprevented its development in the parts printed with the discharge,whether plain or colored. The rapid development of the aniline-black bythe steam under pressure secures a distinct and bold definition of thepatterns, white or colored, because the oxidation of the aniline colorproceeds so rapidly that the alkali of the resist, especially if it bethe white, cannot affect the line or shade of the black around is edges.If the resist employed is mixed with pigment colors, it will also befound that the steam under pressure has fixed these inthe fabricsimultaneously with the development of the aniline, and both the patternand anilineblack ground thus become practically fast colors.

I form the resist mixture above mentioned as follows: gum substitute,four pounds; acetate of soda, four pounds; water, eight pounds. Dissolveand mix thoroughly. If the resist is to be colored, mix with the acetateof soda, albumen, either blood or egg, in place of the gum substitute,or other suitable thickening, and the desired pigment in sufficientquantity to produce the shade required, which can only be determined byexperiment. The proportion of gum substitute or other suitablethickening may be varied to suit the printing, and the quantity ofacetate of soda may also be varied. Instead of acetate of soda othersoda or potash salts may be employed as the alkali of the resist, and insome of the pigments chromate of soda maybe used.

The steam aniline -black color is compounded as follows: I mix, cold,twelve gallens of the ferro-cyanide paste, given below, with fourgallons of the solution of anilinesalt crystals, given below, and addthereto four pints of aniline-oil, when the color is ready for use. Theaniline-oil is added to neutralize any free acid which may exist in theaniline solution, and it may be omitted if that solution contain no freeacid. This aniline color may be padded into the cloth or printedthereon, as desired.

The ferro-cyanide paste is formed as follows: Take forty-five gallons ofwater and dissolve in it seventy pounds of ferro-cyanide-of-sodacrystals and twenty-three and three-fourths pounds of chlorate ofpotash. Add twenty pounds of corn-starch and boil till thickened, andthen cool. The corn-starch may be omitted or added in greater or lessamount, as the printing, padding, or saturating of the cloth with theaniline color may require.

The solution of aniline salt is prepared as follows: Dissolve sixtypounds of aniline-salt crystals in ten gallons of hot Water and cool.Instead of the salts of aniline, an equivalent amount of aniline-oilneutralized with hydrochloric acid may be employed.

The proportion of the ferro-cyanide to the aniline salts in the abovecolor may be varied, as I have only given the proportions I prefer toemploy; but care should be taken that the proportion of theferro-cyanide to the aniline shall never be less than eighty per cent.of the latter in any given quantity of color.

The above steam aniline-black will not injure the fiber of the goods,even if they be so thoroughly impregnated by it in the fluid state as tobe colored on both sides alike, as the composition of the color retardsany violent action when subjected to steam under pressure, which wouldtender the cloth, and the proportions of ferro-eyanide to aniline shouldnot be less than eighty per cent. in order to preserve this quality ofit and allow the steaming to be effected as described. This color is thesubject-matter of another application filed simultaneously herewith.

Heretofore the action of steam under pressure to develop aniline colorshas tendered the goods and prevented the use of it, substantially ashereinbefore described.

Another advantage of the above process is that the pigment colors, beingfirst applied to the cloth in the form of a resist before theaniline-black color, enters the substance of the cloth more intimatelythan if it had been previously filled with the aniline color, and whenthe steaming sets the pigments it is done more perfectly because of suchintimate con nection with the substance of the goods.

\Vhat I claim as new and of my invention 1s 1. The described process ofproducing patterns on aniline-black grounds by the action of livesteamthat is to say, first printing the pattern in an alkali resist uponthe cloth and drying, then treating the cloth with the prepared solutionof aniline-black, as described, and drying, and finally developing andfixing the aniline-black rapidly by the action of steam under pressure,substantially as described.

2. The described process of producing col- "ored patterns onaniline-black grounds by the action of live steamthat is to say, firstprinting the pattern in an alkali resist colored with pigments upon thecloth and drying, then treating the cloth with the prepared solution ofaniline-black, as described, and drying, and finally developing andsimultaneously fixing the aniline-black and resist pigment by the actionof steam under pressure, substantially as described.

JOHN BRACEVVELL. l/Vitnesses:

DAVID HALL RICE, .N. P. OCKINGTON.

